Asperger's syndrome, Autism
Geek, Nerd, Propeller head, Weenie
¤ F84.5 [299.80 Syndrome d'Asperger
A. Altération qualitative des interactions sociales, comme en témoignent au moins 2 des éléments suivants :
(1) altération marquée dans l'utilisation, pour réguler les interactions sociales, de comportements non verbaux multiples, tels que le contact oculaire, la mimique faciale, les postures corporelles, les gestes
(2) incapacité à établir des relations avec les pairs correspondant au niveau du développement
(3) le sujet ne cherche pas spontanément à partager ses plaisirs, ses intérêts ou ses réussites avec d'autres personnes (p. ex. il ne cherche pas à montrer, à désigner du doigt ou à apporter les objets, qui l'intéressent)
(4) manque de réciprocité sociale ou émotionnelle
B. Caractère restreint, répétitif et stéréotypé, des comportements, des intérêts et des activités, comme en témoigne au moins un des éléments suivants :
(1) préoccupation circonscrite à un ou plusieurs centres d'intérêt stéréotypés, restreints, anormale soit dans son intensité, soit dans son orientation
(2) adhésion apparemment inflexible à des habitudes ou à des rituels spécifiques et non fonctionnels
(3) maniérismes moteurs stéréotypés et répétitifs (p. ex. battements ou torsions des mains ou des doigts, mouvements complexes de tout le corps)
(4) préoccupations persistantes pour certaines parties des objets
C. La perturbation entraîne une altération cliniquement significative du fonctionnement social, professionnel, ou dans d'autres domaines importants.
D. Il n'existe pas de retard général du langage significatif sur le plan clinique (p. ex. le sujet a utilisé des mots isolés vers l'âge de 2 ans et des phrases à valeur de communication vers l'âge de 3 ans).
E. Au cours de l'enfance, il n'y a pas eu de retard significatif sur le plan clinique dans le développement, en fonction de l'âge, des capacités d'autonomie, du comportement adaptatif (sauf dans le domaine de l'interaction sociale) et de la curiosité pour l'environnement.
F. Le trouble ne répond pas aux critères d'un autre Trouble envahissant du développement spécifique ni à ceux d'une Schizophrénie.
299.80 Asperger's
Disorder
A. Qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least two
of the following :
(1) marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social interaction
(2) failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level
(3) a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people (e.g., by a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out objects of interest to other people)
(4) lack of social or emotional reciprocity
B. Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, as manifested by at least one of the following :
(1) encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus
(2) apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals
(3) stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting, or complex whole-body movements)
(4) persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
C. The disturbance causes clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
D. There is no clinically significant general delay in language (e.g., single words used by age 2 years, communicative phrases used by age 3 years).
E. There is no clinically significant delay in cognitive development or in the development of age-appropriate self-help skills, adaptive behavior (other than in social interaction), and curiosity about the environment in childhood.
F. Criteria are not met for another specific Pervasive Developmental Disorder or Schizophrenia.
http://www.fenichel.com/asperger/
299.00 Autistic
Disorder
A. A total of six (or more) items from (1), (2), and (3), with at least two
from (1), and one each from (2) and (3):
(1) qualitative impairment in social
interaction, as manifested by at least two of the following:
(a) marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye
gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social interaction
(b) failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level
(c) a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements
with other people (e.g., by a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out objects
of interest)
(d) lack of social or emotional reciprocity
(2) qualitative impairments in communication
as manifested by at least one of the following:
(a) delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken language (not accompanied
by an attempt to compensate through alternative modes of communication such
as gesture or mime)
(b) in individuals with adequate speech, marked impairment in the ability to
initiate or sustain a conversation with others
(c) stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language
(d) lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play appropriate
to developmental level
(3) restricted repetitive and stereotyped
patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, as manifested by at least one
of the following:
(a) encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns
of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus
(b) apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals
(c) stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping
or twisting, or complex whole-body movements)
(d) persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
B. Delays or abnormal functioning in at least one of the following areas, with onset prior to age 3 years: (1) social interaction, (2) language as used in social communication, or (3) symbolic or imaginative play.
C. The disturbance is not better accounted for by Rett's Disorder or Childhood Disintegrative Disorder.
geek
In computers and the Internet, a
geek is a person who is inordinately dedicated to and involved with technology
to the point of sometimes not appearing to be normal. Being a geek also implies
a capability with the technology. Although historically, computer and Internet
programming and hacking has been a male thing, there are now many "girl
geeks." The term "hacker" generally connotes competence more
strongly than "geek" does. The term "geek" emphasizes dedication
and weirdness, although recent use of the term suggests greater social acceptance
and tolerance for geeks. (Historically, a geek was a circus person whose role
in the side-show was to bite off chicken's heads or perform other bizarre feats.
Eric Raymond describes "computer geek" as "one who eats (computer)
bugs for a living.")
The term seems to be used by many in the general populace for anyone who spends
a lot of or too much time at a computer.
geek
(gk)
n. Slang
A person regarded as foolish, inept,
or clumsy.
A person who is single-minded or accomplished in scientific or technical pursuits
but is felt to be socially inept.
A carnival performer whose show consists of bizarre acts, such as biting the
head off a live chicken.
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[Perhaps alteration of dialectal geck, fool, from Low German gek, from Middle
Low German.]
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geeky adj.
Our Living Language Our word geek is now chiefly associated with student and
computer slang; one probably thinks first of a computer geek. In origin, however,
it is one of the words American English borrowed from the vocabulary of the
circus, which was a much more significant source of entertainment in the United
States in the 19th and early 20th century than it is now. Large numbers of traveling
circuses left a cultural legacy in various and sometimes unexpected ways. For
example, Superman and other comic book superheroes owe much of their look to
circus acrobats, who were similarly costumed in capes and tights. The circus
sideshow is the source of the word geek, “a performer who engaged in bizarre
acts, such as biting the head off a live chicken.” We also owe the word
ballyhoo to the circus; its ultimate origin is unknown, but in the late 1800s
it referred to a flamboyant free musical performance conducted outside a circus
with the goal of luring customers to buy tickets to the inside shows. Other
words and expressions with circus origins include bandwagon (coined by P.T.
Barnum in 1855) and Siamese twin.
Hayden Robert, http://www.geekcode.com/
nerd
A nerd is a technically bright but
socially inept person. The classic image of the nerd has been the wild-haired
genius kid with thick-lensed glasses surrounded by test tubes and computers.
Microsoft's Bill Gates is sometimes considered the walking embodiment of the
older, successful nerd. As computer technology becomes less frightening and
"nerdish" to larger numbers of people, society seems to be developing
a more tolerant, even benevolent view of the nerd.
Nerd is a more general term than geek (which always means computer geek) and
weenie and is somewhat comparable to propellor head.
Although the term's origin is obscure, one theory is that it derives from a children's book by Dr. Seuss, If I Ran the Zoo, in which this passage is found:
And then, just to show them,
I'll sail to Ka-Troo
And bring back an it-kutch,
A preep, and a proo,
A nerkle, a nerd,
And a seersucker, too!"
Dr. Seuss's picture of the nerd looks much like the way computer nerds are portrayed
today.
propeller head
A propeller head (also spelled propellor
head, and sometimes shortened to prop head or prophead) is jargon for someone
who is exceptionally, perhaps weirdly bright or knowledgeable, especially in
some technical field. In computers, according to The New Hacker's Dictionary,
it's a synonym for computer geek. The term refers to the child's beanie cap
that comes with a spinning propeller sticking out of the top.
The New Hacker's Dictionary says that the propeller cap somehow became a self-parody
symbol of the out-of-this-worldness of science fiction fans. It attributes the
idea to science fiction writer Ray Faraday Nelson. We like this tongue-in-cheek
definition from The Web Developer's Journal:
" The term 'prophead' is a
holdover from the days when the nerd kids on the block wore caps with little
propellers on top. This fashion gave way to the pencil pocket protector. Here
at the WDJ, 'propheads' refers to programmers, developers and other technically-oriented
types. A weenie doesn't even use a regular keyboard, just a little one with
two keys: 1 and 0. Weenies talk among themselves in continuous data streams,
which sound to mortal ears like a modem logging on."
weenie
1) On bullet board systems (BBS)
and in Internet chatting groups, a weenie is an avid but immature participant
who disrupts orderly conversation. According to cyberlorist Eric Raymond, a
weenie is "typically, a teenage boy with poor social skills traveling under
a grandiose handle derived from fantasy or heavy-metal rock lyrics" whose
contributions are liable to consist of "marginally literate and profanity-laden
flaming..."
2) In the context of program development and among the "hackerdom"
that Raymond chronicles, the term weenie can be ascribed respectfully to someone
who is highly knowledgeable, intensely committed to, or even just employed on
a particular endeavor or in a particular operating system culture. For example,
a "UNIX weenie" may mean someone who is an expert at using or modifying
UNIX. But, depending on the context, it could also mean a "UNIX bigot."
3) In the popular game, Quake (and
its multiplayer Internet version, QuakeWorld), a weenie is an embarrassingly
new player who is usually quickly "destroyed" in some horrible way.
All new Quake players apparently qualify as weenies.